Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2003) - Macau (2002)

Compare Micronesia, Federated States of (2003) z Macau (2002)

	Micronesia, Federated States of (2003)	Macau (2002)

Administrative divisions	4 states; Chuuk (Truk), Kosrae (Kosaie), Pohnpei (Ponape), Yap	none (special administrative region of China)
Age structure	0-14 years: 38.4% (male 21,163; female 20,335) 15-64 years: 58.5% (male 31,746; female 31,477) 65 years and over: 3.2% (male 1,558; female 1,864) (2003 est.)	0-14 years: 21.8% (male 52,262; female 48,439) 15-64 years: 70.9% (male 154,942; female 172,647) 65 years and over: 7.3% (male 13,616; female 19,927) (2002 est.)
Agriculture - products	black pepper, tropical fruits and vegetables, coconuts, cassava (tapioca), betel nuts, sweet potatoes; pigs, chickens	rice, vegetables
Airports	7 (2002)	1 (2001)
Airports - with paved runways	total: 6 1,524 to 2,437 m: 4 914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2002)	total: 1 over 3,047 m: 1 (2002)
Airports - with unpaved runways	total: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2002)	-
Area	total: 702 sq km land: 702 sq km water: 0 sq km (fresh water only) note: includes Pohnpei (Ponape), Chuuk (Truk) Islands, Yap Islands, and Kosrae (Kosaie)	total: 25.4 sq km land: 25.4 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	four times the size of Washington, DC (land area only)	about 0.1 times the size of Washington, DC
Background	In 1979 the Federated States of Micronesia, a UN Trust Territory under US administration, adopted a constitution. In 1986 independence was attained under a Compact of Free Association with the US. Present concerns include large-scale unemployment, overfishing, and overdependence on US aid.	Colonized by the Portuguese in the 16th century, Macau was the first European settlement in the Far East. Pursuant to an agreement signed by China and Portugal on 13 April 1987, Macau became the Macau Special Administrative Region (SAR) of China on 20 December 1999. China has promised that, under its "one country, two systems" formula, China's socialist economic system will not be practiced in Macau and that Macau will enjoy a high degree of autonomy in all matters except foreign and defense affairs.
Birth rate	26.47 births/1,000 population (2003 est.)	12.19 births/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Budget	revenues: $161 million ($69 million less grants) expenditures: $160 million, including capital expenditures of $NA (1998 est.)	revenues: $1.15 billion expenditures: $1.03 billion, including capital expenditures of $166 million (2000 est.)
Capital	Palikir	-
Climate	tropical; heavy year-round rainfall, especially in the eastern islands; located on southern edge of the typhoon belt with occasionally severe damage	subtropical; marine with cool winters, warm summers
Coastline	6,112 km	41 km
Constitution	10 May 1979	Basic Law, approved in March 1993 by China's National People's Congress, is Macau's "mini-constitution"
Country name	conventional long form: Federated States of Micronesia conventional short form: none former: Ponape, Truk, and Yap Districts (Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands) abbreviation: FSM	conventional long form: Macau Special Administrative Region conventional short form: Macau local long form: Aomen Tebie Xingzhengqu (Chinese); Regiao Administrativa Especial de Macau (Portuguese) local short form: Aomen (Chinese); Macau (Portuguese)
Currency	US dollar (USD)	pataca (MOP)
Death rate	5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2003 est.)	3.78 deaths/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Debt - external	$53.1 million (FY 02/03 est.)	$1.5 billion (1998)
Dependency status	-	special administrative region of China
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Larry M. DINGER embassy: address NA, Kolonia mailing address: P. O. Box 1286, Kolonia, Pohnpei, Federated States of Micronesia 96941 telephone: [691] 320-2187 FAX: [691] 320-2186	the US has no offices in Macau, and US interests are monitored by the US Consulate General in Hong Kong
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Jesse Bibiano MAREHALAU chancery: 1725 N Street NW, Washington, DC 20036 telephone: [1] (202) 223-4383 FAX: [1] (202) 223-4391 consulate(s) general: Honolulu and Tamuning (Guam)	none (special administrative region of China)
Disputes - international	none	none
Economic aid - recipient	under terms of the Compact of Free Association, the US pledged $1.3 billion in grant aid during the period 1986-2001	$NA
Economy - overview	Economic activity consists primarily of subsistence farming and fishing. The islands have few mineral deposits worth exploiting, except for high-grade phosphate. The potential for a tourist industry exists, but the remote location, a lack of adequate facilities, and limited air connections hinder development. In November 2002, the country experienced a further reduction in future revenues from the Compact of Free Association - the agreement with the US in which Micronesia received $1.3 billion in financial and technical assistance over a 15-year period until 2001. The country's medium-term economic outlook appears fragile due not only to the reduction in US assistance but also to the slow growth of the private sector. Geographical isolation and a poorly developed infrastructure remain major impediments to long-term growth.	Macau's economy two years after reversion to China remains one of the most open in the world, according to the World Trade Organization. The government collects no duty on imports and sets no restrictions on exports beyond those required by international agreements. The territory's net exports of goods and services account for 35% of GDP, with tourism and apparel exports as the mainstays. The territory therefore has been hit hard by the 2001 downturn in its key US and EU export markets. Tourism remained strong, however, driven by a surge in visitors from mainland China. In response to the expected contraction of the economy in 2002, the government has announced a stimulative income tax cut and public works program that will push the budget into deficit. China already has extended support by easing restrictions on travel to Macau and is proposing a China-Hong Kong-Macau free trade area. China's economic weight is increasingly felt, with the mainland now holding more than 50% of assets in the financial, real estate, and construction sectors. Mainlanders, however, have been excluded from bidding on the gambling industry licenses that Macau is offering to break up the territory's four-decade-old gambling monopoly. Gambling taxes account for up to 60% of revenue, and the government with Beijing's backing intends to revitalize the industry.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	1.476 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - exports	-	1 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - imports	-	175 million kWh (2000)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	1.4 billion kWh (2000)
Electricity - production by source	fossil fuel: 0% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0%	fossil fuel: 100% hydro: 0% nuclear: 0% other: 0% (2000)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Dolohmwar (Totolom) 791 m	lowest point: South China Sea 0 m highest point: Coloane Alto 172.4 m
Environment - current issues	overfishing, climate change, pollution	NA
Environment - international agreements	party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements	-
Ethnic groups	nine ethnic Micronesian and Polynesian groups	Chinese 95%, Macanese (mixed Portuguese and Asian ancestry), Portuguese, other
Exchange rates	the US dollar is used 1	patacas per US dollar - 8.033 (January 2002), 8.034 (2001), 8.026 (2000), 7.992 (1999), 7.979 (1998), 7.975 (1997); note - linked to the Hong Kong dollar at the rate of 1.03 patacas per Hong Kong dollar
Executive branch	chief of state: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government head of government: President Joseph J. URUSEMAL (since 11 May 2003); Vice President Redley KILLION; note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government cabinet: Cabinet elections: president and vice president elected by Congress from among the four senators at large for four-year terms; election last held 11 May 2003 (next to be held NA May 2007); note - a proposed constitutional amendment to establish popular elections for president and vice president failed election results: Joseph J. URUSEMAL elected president; percent of Congress vote - NA%; Redley KILLION elected vice president; percent of Congress vote - NA%	chief of state: President of China JIANG Zemin (since 27 March 1993) head of government: Chief Executive Edmund HO Hau-wah (since 20 December 1999) cabinet: Executive Council consists of all five government secretaries, three legislators, and two businessmen elections: chief executive chosen by a 200-member selection committee for up to two five-year terms
Exports	$22 million (f.o.b.) (FY 99/00 est.)	$2.5 billion f.o.b. (2000)
Exports - commodities	fish, garments, bananas, black pepper	clothing, textiles, cement, electronics, cameras
Exports - partners	Japan, US, Guam (2000)	US 48%, EU 28%, China 10%, Hong Kong 7% (2000)
Fiscal year	1 October - 30 September	calendar year
Flag description	light blue with four white five-pointed stars centered; the stars are arranged in a diamond pattern	light green with a lotus flower above a stylized bridge and water in white, beneath an arc of five gold, five-pointed stars: one large in center of arc and four smaller
GDP	purchasing power parity - $277 million note: $277 million $277 million GDP is supplemented by grant aid, averaging perhaps $100 million annually (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $8 billion (2001 est.)
GDP - composition by sector	agriculture: 50% industry: 4% services: 46% (2000 est.)	agriculture: 1% industry: 25% services: 74% (2000 est.)
GDP - per capita	purchasing power parity - $2,000 (2002 est.)	purchasing power parity - $17,600 (2001 est.)
GDP - real growth rate	1% (2002 est.)	0.5% (2001 est.)
Geographic coordinates	6 55 N, 158 15 E	22 10 N, 113 33 E
Geography - note	four major island groups totaling 607 islands	essentially urban; one causeway and two bridges connect the two islands of Coloane and Taipa to the peninsula on mainland
Highways	total: 240 km paved: 42 km unpaved: 198 km (1999 est.)	total: 50 km paved: 50 km unpaved: 0 km (2001)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%	lowest 10%: NA% highest 10%: NA%
Imports	$149 million f.o.b. (FY 99/00 est.)	$2.3 billion c.i.f. (2000)
Imports - commodities	food, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment, beverages	clothing, textiles, yarn, minerals, electrical machinery, fuel, livestock
Imports - partners	US, Australia, Japan (2000)	China 41%, Hong Kong 15%, EU 10%, Taiwan 10%, Japan 6% (2000)
Independence	3 November 1986 (from the US-administered UN Trusteeship)	none (special administrative region of China)
Industrial production growth rate	NA%	NA%
Industries	tourism, construction, fish processing, specialized aquaculture, craft items from shell, wood, and pearls	tourism, gambling, clothing, textiles, electronics, footwear, toys
Infant mortality rate	total: 32.39 deaths/1,000 live births male: 35.65 deaths/1,000 live births female: 28.97 deaths/1,000 live births	4.44 deaths/1,000 live births (2002 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	1% (2002 est.)	-2% (2001 est.)
International organization participation	ACP, AsDB, ESCAP, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFC, IFRCS (associate), IMF, IOC, ITU, OPCW, Sparteca, SPC, SPF, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, WHO, WMO	CCC, ESCAP (associate), IHO, IMO (associate), Interpol (subbureau), ISO (correspondent), UNESCO (associate), WMO, WToO (associate), WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs)	1 (2000)	1 (2000)
Irrigated land	NA sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	Supreme Court	The Court of Final Appeal in the Macau Special Administrative Region
Labor force	NA	218,000 (2001)
Labor force - by occupation	two-thirds are government employees	restaurants and hotels 26%, manufacturing 20%, other services and agriculture 54% (2000 est.)
Land boundaries	0 km	total: 0.34 km border countries: China 0.34 km
Land use	arable land: 5.71% permanent crops: 45.71% other: 48.58% (1998 est.)	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% note: "green areas" represent 22.4% (1998 est.)
Languages	English (official and common language), Trukese, Pohnpeian, Yapese, Kosrean, Ulithian, Woleaian, Nukuoro, Kapingamarangi	Portuguese, Chinese (Cantonese)
Legal system	based on adapted Trust Territory laws, acts of the legislature, municipal, common, and customary laws	based on Portuguese civil law system
Legislative branch	unicameral Congress (14 seats; members elected by popular vote; four - one elected from each state to serve four-year terms; and 10 - elected from single-member districts delineated by population to serve two-year terms) elections: elections for four-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2007); elections for two-year term seats last held 4 March 2003 (next to be held NA March 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats - independents 14	unicameral Legislative Council or LEGCO (27 seats; 10 elected by popular vote, 10 by indirect vote, and 7 appointed by the chief executive; members serve four-year terms) elections: last held 23 September 2001 (next to be held NA 2005) election results: percent of vote - NA%; seats by political bloc - Entertainment Industry 3, pro-democracy 2, pro-Beijing Labor Union 2, pro-Beijing Neighborhood Association 2, pro-business 1
Life expectancy at birth	total population: 69.13 years male: 67.39 years female: 70.95 years (2003 est.)	total population: 81.78 years male: 78.97 years female: 84.73 years (2002 est.)
Literacy	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 89% male: 91% female: 88% (1980 est.)	definition: age 15 and over can read and write total population: 90% male: 93% female: 86% (1981 est.)
Location	Oceania, island group in the North Pacific Ocean, about three-quarters of the way from Hawaii to Indonesia	Eastern Asia, bordering the South China Sea and China
Map references	Oceania	Southeast Asia
Maritime claims	exclusive economic zone: 200 NM territorial sea: 12 NM	not specified
Merchant marine	none note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered here as a flag of convenience: US 1 (2002 est.)	none (2002 est.)
Military - note	Federated States of Micronesia (FSM) is a sovereign, self-governing state in free association with the US; FSM is totally dependent on the US for its defense	responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999
Military branches	-	no regular indigenous military forces; responsibility for defense reverted to China on 20 December 1999; there is a local police force
Military manpower - availability	-	males age 15-49: 128,005 (2002 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service	-	males age 15-49: 70,508 (2002 est.)
National holiday	Constitution Day, 10 May (1979)	National Day (Anniversary of the Founding of the People's Republic of China), 1 October (1949); note - 20 December 1999 is celebrated as Macau Special Administrative Region Establishment Day
Nationality	noun: Micronesian(s) adjective: Micronesian; Chuukese, Kosraen(s), Pohnpeian(s), Yapese	noun: Chinese adjective: Chinese
Natural hazards	typhoons (June to December)	typhoons
Natural resources	forests, marine products, deep-seabed minerals	NEGL
Net migration rate	-20.98 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2003 est.)	9.08 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2002 est.)
Political parties and leaders	no formal parties	there are no formal political parties, however, there are civic associations that, for purposes of legislative voting, join together to form political blocs
Political pressure groups and leaders	-	Catholic Church [Domingos LAM, bishop]; Macau Society of Tourism and Entertainment or STDM [Stanley HO, managing director]; Union for Democracy Development [Antonio NG Kuok-cheong, leader]
Population	108,143 (July 2003 est.)	461,833 (July 2002 est.)
Population below poverty line	26.7%	NA%
Population growth rate	0.04% (2003 est.)	1.75% (2002 est.)
Ports and harbors	Colonia (Yap), Kolonia (Pohnpei), Lele, Moen	Macau
Radio broadcast stations	AM 5, FM 1, shortwave 0 (1998)	AM 0, FM 2, shortwave 0 (1998)
Radios	-	160,000 (1997)
Railways	0 km	0 km
Religions	Roman Catholic 50%, Protestant 47%	Buddhist 50%, Roman Catholic 15%, none and other 35% (1997 est.)
Sex ratio	1.05 male(s)/female (2003 est.)	at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female under 15 years: 1.08 male(s)/female 15-64 years: 0.9 male(s)/female 65 years and over: 0.68 male(s)/female total population: 0.92 male(s)/female (2002 est.)
Suffrage	18 years of age; universal	direct election 18 years of age, universal for permanent residents living in Macau for the past seven years; indirect election limited to organizations registered as "corporate voters" (257 are currently registered) and a 300-member Election Committee drawn from broad regional groupings, municipal organizations, and central government bodies
Telephone system	general assessment: adequate system domestic: islands interconnected by shortwave radiotelephone (used mostly for government purposes) international: satellite earth stations - 5 Intelsat (Pacific Ocean) (2002)	general assessment: fairly modern communication facilities maintained for domestic and international services domestic: NA international: HF radiotelephone communication facility; access to international communications carriers provided via Hong Kong and China; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Indian Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use	11,000 (2001)	176,902 (November 2001)
Telephones - mobile cellular	newly installed in Pohnpei and Yap	158,251 (November 2001)
Television broadcast stations	2 (1997)	0 (receives Hong Kong broadcasts) (1997)
Terrain	islands vary geologically from high mountainous islands to low, coral atolls; volcanic outcroppings on Pohnpei, Kosrae, and Chuuk	generally flat
Total fertility rate	3.5 children born/woman (2003 est.)	1.31 children born/woman (2002 est.)
Unemployment rate	16% (1999 est.)	6.5% (2001 est.)
Waterways	none	none

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